Definition
Mustafa Kemal refers to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. This was his given name before he was granted the surname 'Atatürk' in 1934. He was a military officer and statesman who led the Turkish War of Independence. Mustafa Kemal played a pivotal role in transforming the Ottoman Empire into modern Turkey. Think of it as referring to him during his earlier life and military career.